| |  |  |  |  | Rack Mountable Audio Components | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Crossovers are used to limit the frequencies sent to specific speakers. This is so tweeters only get high frequencies, subs only get lows, etc.. it lets the speakers perform more efficiently, handle more power, and sound better.
Crossovers can also be classified based on the type of components they use. A passive crossover is made entirely of passive filters. Passive filters employ passive components like resistors, capacitors and inductors for their operation. These are relatively inexpensive, easy to adjust by unwinding inductors and/or paralleling capacitors, and add no noise. On the negative side, these tend to be bulky and always cause some power loss. They suffer from dependence on the individual speaker drivers' input impedance. If the amplifier overloads, any distortion products above the crossover frequency will be sent to the tweeter. Any resistance in components between the speaker and amplifier will reduce damping and change driver response if not compensated for in the design.
An active crossover contains active components in its filters. The most commonly used active device is an op-amp and active crossovers are operated at the levels meant to drive amplifiers in contrast to passive crossovers which operate at the high-levels meant for speakers. Active crossovers always require the use of power amplifiers for each band. Thus a 2-way active crossover needs two amplifiers — one each for the woofer and tweeter. The cost disadvantage is offset by the following gains: Frequency response independent of the speaker drivers.
Ability to easily vary or fine tune each frequency band for the particular speaker drivers being used and with the complete isolation of the drivers — the tweeter will never know if the woofer is being over-driven. The power amplifiers are directly connected to the speaker drivers, thereby maximizing the damping effect and potentially improving the transient response of the system.
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